"Arvind Narayanan, associate professor of computer science at Princeton, has worked with graduate student Mathur on unearthing dark patterns found on retail websites. In research published earlier this year, they showed that in a sample of 11,000 retail websites, about 11%, contained dark patterns. Of those dark patterns, 234 were found to be deceptive.
“Perhaps the biggest harm from dark patterns is a loss of trust in the online environment and a degradation of our online experience,” says Narayanan."